Актуальные проблемы современной науки: тезисы докладов ХХІV Международной научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург - Астана - Киев - Вена, 29 ноября 2017)
Секция: Бухгалтерский учет, анализ, аудит
Postnikova Lyubov
PhD of Economics, Associate Professor,
Head of the Department of Accounting
Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University
Moscow, Russia
Deitch Ulyana
PhD of Economics, Associate Professor
of the Department of Accounting
Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University
Moscow, Russia
Shmelev Stanislav
Undergraduate of the Department of Accounting
Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University
Moscow, Russia
INTERPRETATION OF CONCEPTS: EXPENSES, COSTS, SPENDING
In domestic and foreign scientific literature and also in practical activities of business entities the concept of "expenses" do not have unambiguous, well-established interpretation. Kondrakov N. believes that expenses is the cost of resources used for a specific purpose [5]. Before starting its activity, each organization decides for itself what kind of profit she can get. In turn, the profit is determined by the price of the products and size of production expenses. Costs form the cost price and may fluctuate depending on many factors such as amount of used material and labor resources, organization of production, etc.
Badmaeva D. offers the following definition of expenses: " Expenses are spending of resources attributable to the reporting period when calculating the financial result for this period" [2]. Most often under the cost understand the resources expended for a specific purpose, in terms of value.
According to O. Grishchenko, cost – obvious (actual, estimated) costs of the enterprise, that is the valuation of the resources used by the organization in its activities [4].
Under IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), the costs represent the expenditure or any other use of assets or incurrence of liabilities during the period in connection with the delivery and production of goods, rendering of services, execution of various works, management of the other activities constituting a continuous core activities of the organization.
There are several interpretations of the differences between the concepts of "expenses " and "costs". One of them is the concept of "costs" should be used to denote expressed in cash expenses due to the expenditure of various types of economic resources (raw materials, labour, fixed assets, services, financial resources) in the process of production and circulation of products, goods [11]. But according to V. Lebedeva, T. Drozdova, costs – actual or estimated expenses financial resources of the enterprise [12].
Some researchers have noted that the expenses – expenses that can be attributed to a particular kind of manufactured products (R. Harrison [3]), and the cost is increasing liabilities or decrease of assets in the current activity of business of the enterprise to generate income or other benefits in the future (Gubacheva O. [6]).
Very often in the economic literature is the identification of the concepts of "costs" and "expenses".
According to the regulations on accounting "Expenses of the organization" (PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 6 may 1999 No. 33h, expenses of the organization recognized a decrease in economic benefits as a result of disposal of assets (monetary funds, other property) and (or) occurrence of obligations leading to reduction of the capital of the organization, except for reduction of contributions upon decision of participants (proprietors of property) [10].
A number of authors under the cost understand the costs associated with the manufacture and sale of products, performance of work and provision of services and the purchase and sale of goods (L. I.] [1]), and other correlated income and expenses and the expenses referred to the cost of resources used that are completely spent (spent) during a specific period of time to generate income.
All of these concepts have to be distinguished in order to avoid inaccuracies and errors in approach to expense management.
References
