Глобальные проблемы экономики и финансов: тезисы докладов IX Международной научно-практической конференции (Киев - Прага - Вена, 31 мая 2017)
Section: Management and Management Practices
STOVOLOS NADIYA
Ph.d., Associate Professor of the Department of Management
in Agribusiness Sumy National Agrarian University
Sumy, Ukraine
SOCIAL POLICY - THE BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES
Social policy is one of the main components of the internal policy of the state, its power structures and the political forces behind them, namely: political activity, which is aimed at solving problems called social problems. As the opposition forces (parties, movements) develop their own, different from the official policy, the latter also contains the goals of solving social problems and understanding how to solve them, which can be called the social policy of one or another opposition party, movement, etc. But even in this case, the social policy formulated and declared by this or that opposition organization also proceeds from the possibility of its implementation with the help of power levers - if this organization comes to power or, at least, will be able to influence the existing power. Therefore, in any case, real or potential, social policy is an integral part of state policy as a kind of holistic system education, those part of it that is directly aimed at solving social problems.
The essence of social policy, the range of tasks it solves, the system of directions from which it develops-all this is treated quite differently in science and in official documents pursuing practical goals.
The integral object of social policy is, obviously, one of the main subsystems of society, namely, the social sphere of public life. However, this requires a correct understanding of what this sphere is. The integral object of social policy is, obviously, one of the main subsystems of society, namely, the social sphere of social life. However, this requires a correct understanding of what this sphere is. Recently, widespread got understanding of the social sphere as a set of institutions of non-productive sectors of the economy: education, health, culture and social welfare. However, this cannot be considered theoretically accurate.
It is enough to pay attention to the fact that, with this understanding, industrial and labor activity is deprived of social components, and consequently, of social problems. The totality of these institutions can only be called social infrastructure; elements of which are available, by the way, in production and other structures.
Social infrastructure, of course, is an integral part of the social sphere of public life, and therefore - the object of the impact of social policy and social management. But this – is exactly the part, and not the entire social sphere. The main thing in it is a wide range of relations between people and their associations - social relations. They form different social systems, forming in their systemic unity, together with the infrastructure necessary for their functioning (different institutions), the social sphere of public life.
The functional role of the social sphere in the life of society lies in the fact that within its framework there are reproductions and changes in social ties between people, the conditions and the way of their life activity, the conditions for the formation and satisfaction of their vital needs.
Therefore and the essence of social policy, the object of influence whose sphere is acting, is to contribute to the optimal development of the conditions and lifestyle of members of society, perfection - to give social connections and relations between them. The latter, for example, consists in providing social differentiation necessary for the normal functioning of society, while simultaneously preventing unjustified and dangerous for its stability gaps in the standard of living of different groups and categories of the population.
The most important goal of social policy is to ensure the fuller satisfaction of the members of society with their vital needs, because of this occasion first of all, social relations develop, and it is on this basis social reproduction of social groups and individuals occurs. At the same time, when it comes to ensuring the vital needs of people in the implementation of social policy, it means their satisfactions are not by applying their own efforts of members of society.
In other words, social policy is aimed at providing assistance, supporting people from the social system into which they belong, by using the social potential available for this social system. And in the first place - the financial and economic potential. This model of social interaction is very clearly and visually embodied in such a mechanism when the state or other institutions of society, for example, municipal authorities, use part of their funds collected, in particular through the tax system, from those who have sufficient incomes to provide material assistance for people who do not have, for objective reasons, the necessary source of livelihood. Such assistance in the most general form can be called a social aid (that is, coming from the society, from any social system). As a generic concept, it can include pensions, scholarships for students, and assistance to citizens who have fallen into difficult life situations, and other payments, benefits, and other forms of financial assistance. The term "social" in this context expresses the fact that the human community (this is society) provides assistance, support to its members, carrying out their protection.
The tasks of social policy include the application of the state's efforts to improve the working conditions in all sectors and sectors of the national economy, improve the level of labor safety, and regulate labor relations in enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership. The solution of such tasks is the least that requires the state to use financial resources. For this uses other components of the same social potential - regulatory provisions and requirements, organizational and control efforts of state authorities, etc. So this direction of state activity is helping the members of society in meeting their vital needs by using public potential for these purposes, which is specific for social polic.
The implementation of social policy in any case, in all its aspects, with respect to any category of citizens means the implementation of their social protection. It seems wrong to widely interpret social protection as a phenomenon that relates only to the least well-off categories of the population and consists in providing them with material support. In fact, in social protection, i.e. In the use of the public potential, the forces and means available to society and its institutions, need - only for other aspects of life - and well-off citizens, for example, in social protection in case of illness and need to seek medical help. Even more or less wealthy entrepreneurs need social protection, which, as is known, requires protection from bureaucratic arbitrariness, and from unscrupulous partners, and even direct assistance, support from power-management structures in business development, which is an integral part of the social protection. Finally, in general, all citizens need social protection against criminal encroachment or pollution of the natural environment.
All manifestations of social protection represent the implementation of certain aspects of social policy. Consequently, the social protection of citizens can be considered an essential sign of social policy. Improving the living conditions of people, which is primarily aimed at social policy, means strengthening the social protection of the population, both in general and certain categories of it.
Literature:
