Annotation: Some information about adjectival suffixes and prefixes in the English and Uzbek languages and differences between them discussed and explained in the article.
Key words: quantitative, formation, indicate, derive, description, implicit, intrinsic, primeval.
Филологические науки
УДК – 81-132
Фармонов Баходир Дустмуродович
Учитель кафедры иностранных языков
Каршинский Инженерно-Экономический Институт
Farmonov Bahodir Dustmurodovich
The teacher of Foreign Language department
Karshi Engineering Economic Institute
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ADJECTIVAL SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Annotation: Some information about adjectival suffixes and prefixes in the English and Uzbek languages and differences between them discussed and explained in the article.
Key words: quantitative, formation, indicate, derive, description, implicit, intrinsic, primeval.
The comparative studies of the English and Uzbek languages on the word configuration level are still underway. Among topical problems, facing researchers is quantitative and qualitative analysis of word formation means in expression certain semantic categories. Down to the present time, the allocated semantic categories including animativity and non-animativity were studied exclusively within the limits of the nouns. However, latest researches indicate that the category of animations could be referred to other parts of speech as fine. In the focus of our attention is the role of affixally derived adjectives in formation of semantic category of animativity and non-animativity.
Before starting the analysis of adjectival lexicon with animative semantics, it is necessary to note the following. Adjectives represent semantically the active part of a lexicon participating in formation of numerous units of secondary proposal.
The most part of adjectival lexicon of compared languages is presented by derivative words, which are central basic unit of word-formation system. To derivative units scientists refer affixal derivatives (words formed with the help of suffixes and prefixes), the words created by conversion and composition. The derived words are structurally and semantically motivated. These units may have the explicit form of look of many semantic attributes, counting animativity.
In the present work the analysis оf adjectives is carried out with the view of development of model - the standard of the comparative description adjectival lexicon of systems of compared languages on the material of the category of animativity.
It is supposed that the category animativity in the pasture of adjectives lexicon carries somewhat implicit character for the adjectives do not possess any formal parameters of this category.
Analyzed adjectival lexicon concerns the mixed lexical and grammatical category of certain qualitative adjectives.
The first group under study included easy, non-productive adjectives. In English there were found 657 words with animative value that makes up 18 % of all the units.
In Uzbek, there were discovered 780 words that accordingly equals to 26 %.
The second group under study comprised derived adjectives.
Statistical data show, that in the English language all derivative words are about 2220 units that makes up 59% out of the total material.
In the Uzbek language there are about 1720 derivatives that come up to 59% are revealed.
In the English language 350 (15%) derived adjectives are formed through prefixation and 1870 (44%) derived adjectives are formed through suffixation.
In the Uzbek language the following picture appears: 270 derived adjectives are formed by prefixation (15%), 1450 by suffixation (44%).
Nowadays, suffixes are recognized to not only modify the meaning of the derivational base but to posses certain semantic value. In the course of analysis, we discovered that the following suffixes might serve as markers of animativity. In English:
-ed, -ing, -ish, -ous, - ful, -ess, -fy, -able, -al, -ant, -ive, -ate, -ian, -an, -eon, -ary,-ie;
In Uzbek: -ли, -дор, -сиз, -хур, -параст, - дай, -кор, -чан, -парвар, -жон, -ки, -боз, -док, -каш.
The etymological origin of the allocated affixes is various. In factological material of the English language there were basically affixes, except for some (-able, -ate, -ous, -an), that penetrated into the language together with Latin bases, but during development of language received ability to join not only Romanic bases, but also those of the Germanic origin.
Unlike English, the Uzbek language has the specific base structure. Affixes - loans of the Persian - Tadjik origin differently were accustomed in the language.
At the same time it is necessary to note, that functioning primordial -ли one of most productive suffixes of the adjectives, being a synonym -dop in value “possessing the quality designated by a basis which is inherent in an alive essence or a subject “, leads to that in the Uzbek language the number of the adjectives formed with the help of the borrowed suffixes much less in comparison with those formed by primordial suffixes, for example: жуссадор-жуссали, муйловдор-муйловли, вафодор-вафоли.
Another suffix -кор borrowed from the Persian-Tadjik language, in Uzbek does not give new growths. However, some researchers mark that the given suffix is widely common in the Uzbek language and gives many new growths, such as сабзавоткор, полизкор, тадбиркор.
Thus, the category of animativity is one of the language universals. It is characterized by complete and partial isomorphism of representation in the two languages.
The list used of literature
