Kolomiiets V. Struggle against corruption abuse as a means to ensure human capital institutionalization of human capital // International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Economic Sciences". — 2019. — №3. https://doi.org/10.25313/2520-2294-2019-3-4814
Проблеми національної економіки
UDC 330.341.2:331.101.262
Kolomiiets Victoriia
PhD, Doctoral Student of the
Department of Finance and Economic Security
Dnipropetrovsk National University of
Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan
Коломієць Вікторія Миколаївна
кандидат економічних наук, доцент,
докторант кафедри «Фінанси і економічна безпека»
Дніпропетровський національний університет
залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна
Коломиец Виктория Николаевна
кандидат экономических наук, доцент,
докторант кафедры «Финансы и экономическая безопасность»
Днепропетровский национальный университет
железнодорожного транспорта имени академика В. Лазаряна
ORCID: 0000-0003-3427-8986
STRUGGLE AGAINST CORRUPTION ABUSE AS A MEANS TO ENSURE HUMAN CAPITAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
БОРОТЬБА З КОРУПЦІЙНИМИ ЗЛОВЖИВАННЯМИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ
БОРЬБА С КОРРУПЦИОННЫМИ ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯМИ КАК СРЕДСТВО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА
Summary. Fighting against corruption is one of the principles of building stable and strong state. Ukraine seeks the same. Such measures are designed to promote the institutionalization of national economy. First of all, they are aimed at the institutionalization of human capital, the development of which, in the presence of corruption abuses, bends and slows down.
The complexity of the problem of combating corruption is related to the fact that it is the invaluable human capital that is directly involved on two sides of the problem: both as an object of struggle and as its subject. The originality of thinking and mentality of the Ukrainian nation also leaves its mark and contributes to corruption. In addition, the conditions for Ukraine’s accession to the European Union require the elimination of corruption systems in the country. Therefore, the fight against corruption abuses for Ukraine is becoming not only an economic lever for stabilizing the national economy, but also a means of ensuring the institutionalization of human capital.
The goal of the research is to consider possible ways of fighting corruption, suggest directions of anti-corruption policy based on the analysis of corrupt practices, consider the legal framework for institutional changes in the development of human capital, propose means to ensure the institutionalization of human capital.
The main goals of the implementation of anti-corruption policy are the minimization of the risk of involving the entire system and its separate components, subjects and objects, management and employees in corrupt activities; formation of understanding of natural persons, regardless of position, contractors and other persons, of the unacceptability of corruption in all its forms and aspects; compilation and explanation of the basic requirements of the legislation in the sphere of fighting corruption.
Key words: human capital, institutionalization, corruption abuse, corrupt practices, anti-corruption policy.
Анотація. Боротьба з корупцією є одним з принципів побудови стабільної і сильної держави, до чого прагне Україна. Такі заходи покликані сприяти інституціоналізації національної економіки. В першу чергу вони спрямовані на інституціоналізацію людського капіталу, розвиток якого при наявності корупційних зловживань викривляється і сповільнюється.
Складність проблеми боротьби з корупційними зловживаннями пов'язана з тим, що саме безцінний людський капітал безпосередньо задіяний по обидві сторони проблеми: і як об'єкт боротьби і як її суб'єкт. Своєрідність мислення і менталітету української нації накладає також відбиток і сприяє корупції. Крім того, умови вступу України до Європейського союзу вимагають ліквідації корупційних систем в країні. Тому, боротьба з корупційними зловживаннями для України стає не тільки економічним важелем стабілізації національної економіки, а й засобом забезпечення інституціоналізації людського капіталу.
Мета дослідження: на підставі аналізу корупційних дій в національній економіці розробити ефективні шляхи протидії корупції, запропонувати напрямки антикорупційної політики, розглянути правове забезпечення інституційних змін розвитку людського капіталу, запропонувати засоби забезпечення інституціоналізації людського капіталу.
Основними цілями впровадження антикорупційної політики є мінімізація ризику залучення всієї системи і окремих її складових, суб'єктів і об'єктів, керівництва і працівників в корупційну діяльність; формування у фізичних осіб, незалежно від займаної посади, контрагентів та інших осіб розуміння про неприйнятність корупції в будь-яких формах і проявах; узагальнення та роз'яснення основних вимог законодавства у сфері протидії корупції.
Ключові слова: людський капітал, інституціоналізація, корупційні зловживання, корупція, антикорупційна політика.
Аннотация. Борьба с коррупцией является одним из принципов построения стабильного и сильного государства, к чему стремится Украина. Такие меры призваны способствовать институционализации национальной экономики. В первую очередь они направлены на институционализацию человеческого капитала, развитие которого при наличии коррупционных злоупотреблений искривляется и замедляется.
Сложность проблемы борьбы с коррупционными злоупотреблениями связана с тем, что именно бесценный человеческий капитал непосредственно задействован по две стороны проблемы: и как объект борьбы и как ее субъект. Своеобразность мышления и менталитета украинской нации накладывает также отпечаток и способствует коррупции. Кроме того, условия вступления Украины в Евросоюз требуют ликвидации коррупционных систем в стране. Поэтому, борьба с коррупционными злоупотреблениями для Украины становится не только экономическим рычагом стабилизации национальной экономики, но и средством обеспечения институционализации человеческого капитала.
Цель исследования: на основании анализа коррупционных действий разработать эффективные пути противодействия коррупции, предложить направления антикоррупционной политики, рассмотреть правовое обеспечение институциональных изменений развития человеческого капитала, предложить средства обеспечения институционализации человеческого капитала.
Основными целями внедрения антикоррупционной политики являются минимизация риска вовлечения всей системы и отдельных ее составляющих, субъектов и объектов, руководства и работников в коррупционную деятельность; формирование у физических лиц, независимо от занимаемой должности, контрагентов и иных лиц понимания о неприемлемости коррупции в любых формах и проявлениях; обобщение и разъяснение основных требований законодательства в области противодействия коррупции.
Ключевые слова: человеческий капитал, институционализация, коррупционные злоупотребления, коррупция, антикоррупционная политика.
Introduction. Recent year’s transformations in social and economic sphere in Ukraine raised the question regarding the presence of corruption abuses in all areas of life, including. Over the years and centuries, the society has been involved in the mechanism of realization of corruption schemes.
Therefore, fighting against corruption is a rather complicated task within Ukraine. However, fighting against corruption is one of the principles of building stable and strong state. Ukraine seeks the same. Such measures are designed to promote the institutionalization of national economy. First of all, they are aimed at the institutionalization of human capital, the development of which, in the presence of corruption abuses, bends and slows down.
The complexity of the problem of combating corruption is related to the fact that it is the invaluable human capital that is directly involved on two sides of the problem: both as an object of struggle and as its subject. The originality of thinking and mentality of the Ukrainian nation also leaves its mark and contributes to corruption. In addition, the conditions for Ukraine’s accession to the European Union require the elimination of corruption systems in the country. Therefore, the fight against corruption abuses for Ukraine is becoming not only an economic lever for stabilizing the national economy, but also a means of ensuring the institutionalization of human capital.
Literature review. The sufficient amount of scientists and experts in various fields of national economy are dealing with the problems of studying corrupt practices: I. Bocharnikov, M. Burlachenko, O. Busol, I. Gayka, K. Golovchinskiy, M. Gilevskaya, G. Klemenchich, O. Kruk, D. Nikiforchuk, S. Parhomenko, B. Romanyuk, Y. Stusek, I. Chubenko, O. Shmara, other. In the key to ensuring institutionalization, scientific and practical developments in this area are important. A number of researchers emphasize the need to institutionalize human capital [3, p. 290; 8, p. 284; 9, p. 28; 11, p. 115]. Also, human capital, social potential are important and complementary components for ensuring and enhancing the economic growth of each country [4, pp. 31-32].
Many questions remain unsolved, many questions remain debatable and the sufficient number of questions have not been studied. Questions concerning the identification of new corruption schemes, development of effective ways of fighting corruption and anti-corruption policy become actual. All the above aspects are related to personality, and, therefore, to human capital.
The purpose of the article. The goal of the research is to consider possible ways of fighting corruption, suggest directions of anti-corruption policy based on the analysis of corrupt practices, consider the legal framework for institutional changes in the development of human capital, propose means to ensure the institutionalization of human capital.
Inertia, the psychology of behavior of all sectors of society, significantly lags behind the needs of market transformation. In addition, the institutions of control were not ready to fulfill their new functions or were corrupt. [10, p. 290].
Research results. In order for society to fight corruption phenomenon, the society should clearly understand all the negative consequences from it or the synergistic overweight of negative consequences for the society as a whole over the positive results for the individual citizen. The problem of awareness of corrupt practices by the society can be seen as a whole and as separate sections of the population in particular.
Thus, I. Pustovalova in her studies draws attention to the fact that formation of legal awareness, including anti-corruption consciousness, is one of the directions of youth policy [6, p. 63]. Young people's attitude towards corruption and perception of corruption is the indicator of the level of legal awareness. Proper understanding of the law, strict compliance with the law is that basis, which directly affects the dynamics of the implementation of corrupt relations into society.
The main goals of the implementation of anti-corruption policy are the minimization of the risk of involving the entire system and its separate components, subjects and objects, management and employees in corrupt activities; formation of understanding of natural persons, regardless of position, contractors and other persons, of the unacceptability of corruption in all its forms and aspects; compilation and explanation of the basic requirements of the legislation in the sphere of fighting corruption.
The number of foreign countries in every organization of higher education institutions developed the provisions of the «Anti-corruption policy», for example, «Anti-corruption policy of State educational budget institution of higher education «Financial university by the government». This contributes to the institutionalization of the country's human capital. Human capital acts as one of the most important non-material factors [1, pp. 121-122].
In the study, we paid attention to the study of corruption abuses in education and higher education. Experts T. Chernenko name the following reasons for the corruption in the education [2]:
I have determined the list of corrupt practices and areas of potential abuses in the sphere of high education. Forms of corruption and economic crimes in education are:
Insufficiently developed legislative framework in the sphere of anti-corruption leads to certain difficulties in the implementation of anti-corruption policy and the fight against corruption in the higher education institutions. Research has shown that in the system of the higher education the only document that partly regulates the anti-corruption inspections is the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport of Ukraine «On the order of the special audit statements on education, the availability of a scientific degree, scientific rank of the person, authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government» [5]. In other cases, higher education institutions should use common non-core legislative acts while organizing and implementing the anti-corruption policy. Naturally, this situation makes it difficult to realize the full range of measures to fight corruption in the higher education system.
Similar circumstances exist in other areas of the economy of Ukraine. This is due to the short period of actualization of the problem of fighting corruption. During the short period of time it’s physically difficult to develop specialized laws on the fight against corruption in each specific area. Therefore, at the moment it is appropriate to use the explanations of lawyers.
So, one of the professional explanations on the implementation of applicable anti-corruption laws for health research institutions have become L. Sanzharov-Gurlach and N. Modlenko [7]. The authors raised the question of «compliance of employment position instructions of employees for confirmation of the presence or absence of a person’s organizational and regulatory or administrative and economic duties and, accordingly, assigning such person or not assigning such person to liability subjects» [7, p. 114].
Ways to counteract corrupt practices and a range of measures to fight corruption should include:
Anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine not yet provides for responsibilities of organizations to develop and adopt measures to prevent corruption.
I consider it appropriate to set within the legislative measures the obligation for the institutions to formulate and use efforts on measures of prevention the corruption. The measures recommended for use in institutions, must be recommended for the departments or officials responsible for the prevention of corruption and other offenses; contain the procedure of cooperation of the organization with the law enforcement authorities; contain practical standards and procedures, aimed at honest work of the organization; contain the standards of employees’ work aimed at preventing and resolving conflicts of interest, preventing from drawing of unofficial books of accounts and usage of false documents.
At the legislative level, specifically for each member of scientific and teaching staff, i offer to determine the extent of liability for the corruption offenses. It will increase the individual liability of the worker. Liability of the worker for the corrupt offences does not exclude the liability of institution, in which such worker works.
Conclusions. Research made it possible to determine the list of corrupt practices and areas of possible abuse in various spheres of the national economy.
Considered legal support of institutional changes in the development of human capital, proposed means to ensure the institutionalization of human capital.
Levels of abuse in the sphere of higher education are researched. The analysis of corrupt acts has been made on the various levels, potential positive and negative consequences of corrupt acts in various sphere have been discovered.
Ways to resist the corrupt practices and set of measures to fight the corruption in sphere in national economy have been developed.
Directions of anti-corruption policy in the national economy have been offered. It is suggested to set at the legislative level the obligation for institutions to create and adopt measures to prevent corruption. It is suggested to set at the legislative the level of the liability of each member of staff for corruption offenses.
References
