Формування та дія всесвітньої системи захисту прав людини під егідою організації об’єднаних націй

English

Formation and operation of the global system for the protection of human rights under the auspices of the United Nations

Abstract. Introduction. The article highlights the issue of comparative analysis of various scientific approaches to standardization, which allowed us to determine a differentiated approach to clarifying the legal nature of international standards in various spheres of public relations. Based on the analysis of available scientific, scientific-journalistic and normative sources, the concept and essence of an international standard in the theory of international law are clarified. Problematic issues of the formation and operation of the human rights protection system are revealed. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of development of the international legal system for the protection of human rights, as well as to identify the problem and reasons for the imperfect functioning of the global system for the protection of human rights. Materials and methods. The research materials are: 1) works of domestic scientists; 2) analytical materials. The paper analyzes the current state of development of the international legal system for the protection of human rights. A modern analysis of the goals of the United Nations is provided, one of which is to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature and to encourage and develop respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, regardless of race, sex, language or religion. It has been proven that fundamental human rights and freedoms must be respected in the territories of all member states, and until political independence, in colonial and United Nations mandated territories. It has been established that since the emergence of the concept of "human rights" within the framework of international legal cooperation of states, a justified and objective tendency has developed to consider them as an inalienable quality that belongs to every person from the very fact of natural birth. It has been determined that the many years of activity of the United Nations since the adoption of the Charter show that the international protection of human rights consists in creating recommendations addressed to all states regarding which rights and fundamental freedoms should be subject to universal respect and observance; in the development of international human rights treaties that impose legal obligations on states to recognize, provide and ensure effective protection in accordance with their legal rights and freedoms of the individual, which are listed in such agreements; in the creation of a special international mechanism to verify the implementation of human rights obligations by states. Research results. The research results can be used to develop recommendations for improving international institutional mechanisms for the protection of human rights, namely the Human Rights Committee, the Committee against Torture, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to receive individual complaints. Discussion. In further scientific research, it is proposed to focus on confirming the commitment to other United Nations convention bodies and thereby make more active efforts to implement their recommendations and protect initial and periodic reports.

Keywords: international standards; international relations; international protection of human rights; principle of equality and selfdetermination of peoples; list of rights and basic freedoms