Міжнародна трудова міграція українців до Республіки Польща: чинники привабливості, виклики та перспективи інтеграції

English

International labor migration of Ukrainians to the Republic of Poland: attractive factors, challenges and prospects of integration

Abstract. Introduction.Ukrainian labor migration to the Republic of Poland has become one of the most important socio-economic and geopolitical phenomena of recent decades. Behind this process are not only the aspirations of individuals to improve their lives and get a decent job, but also complex factors that determine the economic, political and social situation in both Ukraine and Poland. The growing number of Ukrainian citizens choosing Poland for labor migration has a significant impact on both countries. This phenomenon causes a whole range of socio-economic consequences that directly affect the life and development of both nations. On the one hand, Ukrainian workers provide the Polish labor market with labor, are gaining ground in the fields of construction, agriculture, services, and others. On the other hand, this migration creates a number of challenges and opens up opportunities that both countries should take into account in their policies and development strategies. The Ukrainian population is currently the largest and most important employment group among immigrants in Poland. Purpose: This study will contribute to understanding the financial aspect of international labor migration, its consequences and impact on the economic stability and development of recipient and donor countries. The results of the study can be used to form effective political and financial strategies aimed at optimizing financial processes in the context of international labor migration and accelerating the socio-economic development of countries. Materials and Methods. The present study includes statistical data published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Main Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS), in reports of the International Labor Organization (ILO), and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine; results of sociological surveys of migrants conducted by international and national research organizations; content analysis of regulatory documents, agreements and programs regulating labor migration. To establish the relationships between migration and economic indicators of the attractiveness of territories, a cluster analysis was carried out in the research process. Results. The study confirms that the directions of migration from Ukraine to Poland are determined mainly by economic factors. Clusters characterizing voivodeships with a higher level of economic development demonstrate larger flows of Ukrainian migrants compared to those voivodeships located closer to the border with Ukraine. Prospects. In further scientific research, it is proposed to focus attention on studying the influence of economic factors on migration flows from Ukraine to Poland, in particular on the following problems: research into the social and cultural aspects of migration, development of effective programs for the support and integration of Ukrainian migrants into Polish society, especially in economically developed voivodeships, policy analysis at the regional level, development of recommendations to stimulate the return migration of Ukrainians to their home country through improved economic and social conditions, assessment of changes in the Polish labor market under the influence of the increase in the number of migrants, in particular the demand for labor, and its distribution by industries and regions.

Keywords: migration; international labor migration; international labor market; globalization