Karimov V., Karimova S. The model of control and management of the state of the environment in the region // International scientific journal "Internauka". — 2019. — №11. https://doi.org/10.25313/2520-2057-2019-11-5123
Физико-математические науки
UDC 51-76
Karimov Vagif
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the
Department of General and Applied Mathematics
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Керимов Вагиф Асад оглы
кандидат технических наук,
доцент кафедры Общей и прикладной математики
Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности
Karimova Sevinj
Senior Teacher of the
Department of General and Applied Mathematics
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Керимова Севиндж Рафиг гызы
старший преподаватель кафедры Общей и прикладной математики
Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности
THE MODEL OF CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE REGION
МОДЕЛЬ КОНТРОЛЯ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОСТОЯНИЕМ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ В РЕГИОНЕ
Summary. The presented model is based on the consideration of a certain region as a combination of a certain number of areas. The ecological state of the region is estimated on the basis of negative and positive environmental factors in each area. The model is based on the imitation of the interaction of environmental and economic processes. The resulting model can be used in the management of the ecological-economic system of the region.
Key words: simulation models, ecological economic system, global ecological economic models, anthropogenic impacts, environmental pollution, maximum permissible value.
Аннотация. Представленная модель построена на основе рассмотрения некоторого региона как совокупности определенного количества районов. Экологическое состояние региона оценивается на основе отрицательных и положительных факторов влияния на окружающую среду в каждом районе. Модель построена на основе имитации взаимодействия экологических и экономических процессов. Полученную модель можно использовать в процессе управления эколого-экономической системой региона.
Ключевые слова: имитационные модели, эколого-экономическая система, глобальные эколого-экономические модели, антропогенные воздействия, загрязнение окружающей среды, предельно-допустимое значение.
Since the middle of the 20th century, mathematical methods have been widely used in the study of environmental problems [1]. In recent years, the problem of confrontation between man and nature has become especially urgent [2-3].
The task of developing of the model in which at each moment of time some part of the studied ecological-economic system is identified as an object of intensified pollution was set in the presented article. The idea is to provide a regulating effect at the moment to this particular subsystem.
Considered tasks are formulated on the basis of the initial information on the state of the environment, during the collection of which, as a rule, field measurements are performed, aerospace surveys are used, and various methods of monitoring over environmental objects are used [4]. If there is sufficient information, then the ecological-economic system under consideration can be described by a model
(1)
Here is a generalized indicator of the considered system. Depending on the context of presentation in one case, will be used to designate the system itself, in another case, it will be used when we evaluate a certain quantitative indicator of the system. The area we are considering, the number of people living here, etc., can be such an indicator is indicator of environmental stress of this system; is maximum permissible value of the indicator. The value of is established by various sanitary and regulatory methods. Prior popularity of this indicator is allowed
(2)
This inequality indicates that in this system there is an ecologically stressful state. Some measures are required to relieve or reduce this tension. As a result of these measures the following condition would be satisfied:
(3)
Suppose that using some method, this system can be divided into a finite number of subsystems. We associate with each parameter some values similar to and.
Task 1. It is necessary to develop a method for splitting a set into such subsets and for which the following conditions would be satisfied
(4)
(5)
It is clear that the constructed model identifies the subsystems from ecologically clean (non-polluting), and from - ecologically tense.
Task 2. Develop a method for ranking subsystems by the following inequality
(6)
where
The sequence is constructed by rearranging the elements of the sequence.
The constructed model makes it possible to identify the subsystem as ecologically most stressful, subsystem as following in level of environmental stress, etc.
Task 3. Find a method for constructing numbers from the interval so that the following condition is satisfied
(7)
where
The last task is directed to the fact that, starting from the most highly ecologically tense subsystem and ending on some, they are subjected to such influence or control, at which their environmental tensions were removed. In the worst case, only one subsystem is exposed to such an impact, and in the best case, all elements from the set are exposed to such an impact. As a result of solving task 3, it becomes possible to overestimate the parameter and establish how much the environmental situation in the considered system has changed towards improvement.
Description of the model. In this paper, the concept and mathematical model for reducing environmental tensions, which is implemented on the basis of statistical data about the industrial region under study, is proposed.
Factors affecting the environment can be divided into 2 groups.
Group I - negative factors. This is the number of plants and factories; the length of railways, roads; population number; area of contaminated areas, landfills, etc. Group II-positive for the environment factors. This is the area of pasture, greenery; the area of forests, parks, lawns, unused areas, recreational facilities, etc.
The high value of the parameters in the first group means a high environmental tension of the current situation in the study area. Here is the value of -th negative factor for -th area. Let us introduce the parameters determining the level of the total impact of negative factors on the state of the environment in each -th area :
(8)
Here are weights of negative factors.
The total negative impact on the environment of the industrial region under consideration can be assessed by the formula:
(9)
The relative impact on the environment for each area with number can be estimated using the formula:
(10)
Let be the amount of positive factor with the number for the area with the number ().
You can build similar formulas to assess the impact of positive factors on the environment of the districts and the region as a whole.
(11)
(12)
(13)
Here are weight coefficients of positive factors is the estimate of the total impact of positive factors on the environment of the -th district; is assessment of positive factors on the environment of the whole region; is relative assessment of positive factors on the environment in the area with the number.
To identify areas where the ecological-economic balance is disturbed, it is proposed to use the parameter:
(14)
We denote the set of areas by. This set can be divided into two subsets.
Definition 1. Assume that the system described at time by in time is described by. Then, if the conditions and are satisfied, then we will say that during the time in the areas of the sets, the ecological-economic balance has normalized.
However, in the case of the transition of the system from time, some areas that previously belong to set may move in set, as a result of which it turns out that.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider such a method of normalizing the ecological situation, in which all areas are taken into account, not individual areas, i.e. whole region.
If in a certain area the values of negative factors are reduced, and positive factors are increased by certain percentages, and all other factors are not changed, then the ecological-economic balance is normalized in this area.
Definition 2. If, in the previous definition, conditions are replaced by then we will say that during time in areas from the set, the ecological-economic balance is not disturbed.
As you know, environmentally harmful areas can be determined by the amount of hazardous waste per person, or per unit area of the district.
As you know, environmentally harmful areas can be determined by the amount of hazardous waste per person, or per unit area of the district.
In addition, there is a formula that determines the most ecologically harmful region on the basis of the sum of the two indicators:
(15)
In the formula, are the amount of pollution, population and area of the district with number.
If for some area the inequality
(16)
is satisfied, then according to this indicator, this area is not considered environmentally harmful.
Here, the parameter is the maximum permissible value of the parameter, which is estimated by sanitary and hygienic standards with the participation of experts in this field [4] .
Consequently, the areas for which the inequality
(17)
is satisfied are attracted to the model of ecological-economic balance.
Consider the dispersion:
(18)
If the value of the indicator is unknown, or if it cannot be achieved, the developed methodology can be used to minimize the value of the indicator, the minimum value of which is 0. means that the share in the pollution of the environment of each area is equal to its share in the purification of the environment. Differences between the share in the pollution and purification of the considered areas are different due to their heterogeneity. Therefore, the requirement to achieve is not practical. It is practical to minimize the value of the parameter to a certain level. How to determine the desired lower level of the parameter? The answer to this question can be given using computational experiment.
Let for the current time all positive and negative factors for the environment be known, as well as their values. We are interested in how much you can reduce the values of negative factors, as well as increase the values of positive factors in order to achieve. This task can be solved by a survey conducted among the leaders and responsible persons of administrative districts. In view of these considerations, a practical condition for ecological and economic equilibrium is, where is some small number.
Consider a case where all negative factors are reduced at the same scale . Positive factors, on the contrary, increase in scale at which the factors and take on new values, which we denote by and
(19)
(20)
In the last formulas.
Theorem 1. As a result of changing the parameters and, carried out according to formulas (19) and (20), the values of the parameters will not change.
Proof: New parameter values are denoted accordingly.
We obtain the following relations:
The equality is proved in a similar way, from which it follows that.
This fact allows us to conclude that in the studied region in order to regulate the ecological-economic balance it is necessary to take measures for those areas for which the parameter proves the imbalance.
Theorem 2. If in a certain area of the studied system, the values of negative factors are reduced at a certain scale, and all other factors do not change, then the value of the ecological-economic balance of this region will decrease.
Proof: Let. Since then can be represented as
It is clear that as a result of the reduction of the parameters, the value of the parameter is also reduced:
Given the above, you can get the following results:
It follows that.
Similarly, we can prove Theorem 3.
Theorem 3. If in a certain area of the studied system the values of positive factors increase on a certain scale, and all other factors do not change, then the value of the ecological-economic balance of the given area will decrease.
Conclusion. If in a certain area the values of positive factors increase, and the values of negative factors decrease, then the value of the parameter decreases.
Analytical conclusions, as well as experiments performed on a computer, show that a decrease of the parameter can lead to an increase of the parameters , for. This explains the possibility of infinite control over the state of the environment with the help of the developed model.
The solution algorithm consists of the following steps:
The developed model of control over the state of the environment can be used both when the value of is known, or when it is not known, or when it cannot be achieved. The fact is that very often the values of the parameter for different countries, sometimes even different regions of one large country, are evaluated differently [4]. This circumstance raises doubts about the objectivity of such an assessment. Therefore, alternative assessment methods are always helpful. In the case of not using the value of in the calculations, you can use the value of, that is, the minimum value of the parameter. Maintaining the condition directs the functioning of the system to a rhythm at which the ratios of participatory shares in pollution and environmental clean-up in all areas would be approximately equal.
Thus, the presented model allows realizing a cybernetic system for controlling and managing of the state of the environment [5-6].
References
